in its 31st African Union Summit (Malabo, June 2014) the Heads of State and Government were clear in theirreslove to commit to action on the agriculture-climate change nexus issue. In the Summit Decisions on NEPAD, the Heads of State and Government endorsed the NEPAD programme on agriculture climate change including its components on gender empowerment, intensified suport to small-holder farmers and the setup of an African Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Cooordination Platform as means in pursuit of what was endorsed as the African Union Vision to have at least 25 million farm households practising CSA by 2025.