Capacity development is critical to good land governance and to policy reform. A weak land governance regime leads to irresponsible agricultural investments and breeds tenure insecurity, land grabbing, land conflicts, inequitable land distribution, social exclusion, political instability and unsustainable natural resource management. The most effective means of improving land governance on the continent is to develop the needed capacity to confront the menace as a pathway to agricultural transformation. This underscores the need for second-generation NAIPs that take into account country-level peculiarities.